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Intentionalist Alan Farmer, "Hitler and the Holocaust" in History Today Lucy Dawidowicz, "That Wicked Man Hitler" Karl Hildebrand, "The Third Reich" Intentionalism and Sports History Fleming, (Introduction) Hitler and the Holocaust Longerich, "The unwritten order - Hitler's role in the Final Solution" Martin Broszat - "On the whitewashers of Nazi Crime" New Text: Longerich- The Unwritten Order Part II New Text: Weiss - Ideology of Death New Text: Lucy Dawidowicz - The War Against the Jews Structuralist War D.Geary, Hitler and Nazism Ian Kershaw, Fateful Choices Ten Decisions that changed the World 1940 to 1941 New Text: Matthaus and Browning - The Final Solution Structuralist Working Towards Martin Brozat, The Hitler State Christopher Browning, "Origins of the Final Solution" Aly Gotz, Final Solution: Nazi Population and the Murder of the European Jews Ian Kershaw, Hitler Germans and the Final Solution Ian Kershaw, The Hitler Myth Ian Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship Hans Mommsen interview Twisted road to Auschwitz Extreme Structuralist
Daniel Goldhagen, Hitler's Willing Executioners Interview with Daniel Goldhagen Critique of Goldhagen Thesis Ian Kershaw's evaluation of Goldhagen Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem New Text: Wildt - The Persecution of the Jews New Text: Wistraich - Modern Antisemitism in the 19th and 20th Centuries The Russo-Japanese war was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. It was not a good war for Russia. Russia suffered multiple defeats by Japan, but Tsar Nicholas II was convinced that Russia would win and chose to remain engaged in the war; at first, to await the outcomes of certain naval battles, and later to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a "humiliating peace". Russia ignored Japan's willingness early on to agree to an armistice and rejected the idea to bring the dispute to the Arbitration Court at The Hague. The war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers. The consequences transformed the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage. It was the first major military victory in the modern era of an Asian power over a European one. Scholars continue to debate the historical significance of the war.
In preparation for our lesson on the causes of the 'revolution' of 1905, here are some propaganda posters used by both Japan and Russia in the war of 1904-05. There's a great podcast on the Russia Japanese war from 15min History. Always worth a listen. Sergei Witte was an influential late 19th century Russian economist and the first Prime Minister of Russia. He was neither liberal or conservative, preferring a practical route for his 'beloved Russia' - seeking out foreign capital, revising the tax system, presiding over extensive projects of national industrialisation, management of the railroads and in 1905 framing the October Manifesto, which he was convinced would not resolve problems of Tsarist autocracy. He has been described as the 'great reforming finance minister of the 1890s', 'one of Nicholas's most enlightened ministers', and the architect of Russia's new parliamentary order in 1905. Sergi Witte... was probably the most competent minister Nicholas II ever had... Extremely shrewd, Witte had climbed over a number of people on the way up, and it is a testament to his abilities that he did so while married to a Jewish woman who had been divorced. He had a curious social problem in that he had contracted syphilis in his youth, and the disease had devoured his nose. He had it replaced with a wax one, and one member of the imperial family told this author that he would see Witte on the quay at Yalta wearing a cap with a long bill, presumely to protect the wax nose from the sun.
Jamie H. Cockfield, White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich Romanov (2002) Count Witte never swerved from his conviction, firstly, that Russia must avoid the war at all costs, and secondly, that she must work for economic friendship with France and Germany to counteract the preponderance of England. Nicholas detested him, and now more than ever; but on March 13th Witte died suddenly. The other formidable opponent still remained. Rasputin was opposed to the war for reasons as good as Witte's. He was for peace between all nations and between all religions. He claimed to have averted was both in 1909 and in 1912, and his claim was believed by others. Bernard Pares, The Fall of the Russian Monarchy (2001) Other Links: |
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October 2019
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